Advantages of CNC lathes (automated machine tools)?
CNC lathe is one of the most widely used CNC machine tools. It is mainly used for cutting inner and outer cylindrical surfaces of shaft parts or disc parts, inner and outer conical surfaces with arbitrary cone angles, complex rotating inner and outer curved surfaces, cylinders, and conical threads. It can also perform grooving, drilling, reaming, and reaming. Hole and boring etc. [1]
The CNC machine tool automatically processes the processed parts according to the pre-programmed processing program. We compile the machining process route, process parameters, tool motion trajectory, displacement, cutting parameters and auxiliary functions of the part into a machining program list according to the instruction code and program format specified by the CNC machine tool, and then record the contents of the program list On the control medium, it is then input into the numerical control device of the numerical control machine tool to direct the machine tool to process the parts.
Numerical control (English name: Numerical Control, abbreviation: NC) technology refers to a technology that uses digital instructions composed of numbers, characters and symbols to control the motion of one or more mechanical equipment. Numerical control generally adopts general-purpose or special-purpose computer to realize digital program control, so numerical control is also called Computerized Numerical Control (Computerized Numerical Control), abbreviated as CNC, and generally called CNC abroad, and the concept of NC is rarely used. What it controls is usually the position, angle, speed and other mechanical quantities and the switching quantities related to the flow of mechanical energy. The generation of numerical control relies on the appearance of data carriers and binary data operations. In 1908, a perforated sheet metal interchangeable data carrier came out; at the end of the 19th century, a control system with paper as a data carrier and auxiliary functions was invented; in 1938, Shannon conducted rapid data calculation and transmission at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States. Laid the foundation of modern computers, including computer digital control systems. Numerical control technology is developed in close combination with machine tool control. In 1952, the first CNC machine tool came out, which became an epoch-making event in the history of the world machinery industry and promoted the development of automation.
Numerical control technology is also called Computerized Numerical Control (CNC, Computerized Numerical Control), which is a technology that uses computers to realize digital program control. This technology uses a computer to execute the sequential logic control function of the device's motion trajectory and peripheral operations according to the control program stored in advance. As a computer is used to replace the original numerical control device composed of hardware logic circuits, the storage, processing, calculation, logical judgment and other control functions of the input operation instructions can be realized through computer software, and the microscopic instructions generated by the processing are transmitted to The servo drive drives the motor or hydraulic actuator to drive the equipment to run.
Traditional mechanical processing is performed by manual operation of ordinary machine tools. During processing, the mechanical tool is shaken by hand to cut metal, and the accuracy of the product is measured by the eye with tools such as calipers. Modern industry has already used computer digitally controlled machine tools for operations. CNC machine tools can automatically process any products and parts directly in accordance with the procedures programmed in advance by technicians. This is what we call CNC machining. CNC machining is widely used in any field of all mechanical machining, and it is the development trend and important and necessary technical means of mold machining.
CNC lathes are also known as CNC lathes, that is, computer numerically controlled lathes. They are the most widely used and covered CNC machine tools in China, accounting for about 25% of the total number of CNC machine tools. CNC machine tools are mechatronics products that integrate many technologies such as machinery, electricity, hydraulics, pneumatics, microelectronics and information. It is a machine tool with the advantages of high precision, high efficiency, high automation and high flexibility in mechanical manufacturing equipment. The technical level of CNC machine tools and their percentage of the output and total ownership of metal cutting machine tools is one of the important indicators to measure a country's national economic development and the overall level of industrial manufacturing. CNC lathe is one of the main varieties of CNC machine tools. It occupies a very important position in CNC machine tools. For decades, it has been widely valued by countries all over the world and has been rapidly developed.
Since the advent of CNC lathes in the 1950s, due to the use of CNC lathes to process complex-shaped parts in single-piece production and small-batch production, it not only improves labor productivity and processing quality, but also shortens the production preparation cycle and reduces the skill of workers. Proficiency requirements. Therefore, it has become an important development direction to realize technological innovation and technological revolution in single-piece, small-batch production. Countries around the world are also vigorously developing this new technology.
We know that for mass-produced parts, the use of automated and semi-automated lathes can already automate the production process. However, for single-piece, small-batch production parts, achieving automation has always been a problem. For a long period of time in the past, it has always been unable to solve it satisfactorily. Especially for parts with complex shapes and high precision requirements, they have been at a standstill on the road to automation. Although some applications of profiling devices have solved part of it, practice has proved that profiling lathes still cannot completely solve this problem.
The emergence of CNC lathes (machine tools) has opened up a broad way to fundamentally solve this problem, so it has become an important development direction in mechanical processing.
